Alternatives
============
Why write yet another expect module for Python? After all, there are
several others available. However, none of them are as good as
expect itself, and the design of them means that they cannot easily be
made as good. I felt that a fresh start was needed.
However, the alternatives are not all bad. They all have their strong
points, as this list will show. This list is sorted on release date,
with the most stale project first.
expy
----
Homepage: ftp://ftp.python.org/pub/python/contrib-09-Dec-1999/System
Review based on version: 0.4a
Release date: 1995-08-28
Authors: Saad Mufti and Farzad Farid
Uses Don Libes' expect library: yes
Uses Tkinter: no
Sample usage:
try:
val, spawn = expect.expect([([exp1, exp2], [(expect.glob, 'ftp> ', 1),
(expect.glob, 'Connection timeout', 2)])])
if val == 1:
spawn.send("Goober")
# Go On
elif val == 2:
spawn.send("Foo")
print 'Connection with the server timed out'
except expect.timeout
print 'We must be hung somewhere...'
Why this isn't good enough:
- no support for expect_after and expect_before
- cumbersome syntax
- needs TCL
Why this is better than the rest:
+ does support waiting for output from two processes at once. That
makes this the best expect integration into Python I've seen to
date.
pyexpect.py
-----------
Homepage: ftp://ftp.sunsite.auc.dk/disk1/python/contrib-09-Dec-1999/System/pyexpect.py.Z
Review based on version: pyexpect.py,v 1.2 1996/10/07 23:41:48
Release date: 1996-10-07 (?)
Author: Mitchell S. Chapman
Uses Don Libes' expect library: no
Uses Tkinter: yes
Sample code:
patterns = ("OK", "NO", "BUSY", ".*[Bb]ye$")
status = apply(self.exp.expect, patterns)
if status >= 0:
print "Matched", patterns[status]
else:
print "Status =", status
Why this isn't good enough:
- there is no way to wait for input from more than one process at a
time.
- no support for expect_after and expect_before
- relies on a windows system!
Python-expect aka exploop.py
----------------------------
Homepage: http://theopenlab.uml.edu/pipermail/loci-general/1999-April/000006.html
Review based on version: exploop.py,v 1.5 1997/01/27 19:11:59
Release date: 1997-01-27
Author: Tim O'Malley
Uses Don Libes' expect library: no
Uses Tkinter: no
Sample usage:
exp = Expect(sys.stdin, sys.stdout)
# Create our Patterns
pats = []
pats.append( Pattern(regex.compile("[Pp]ython"), _testCB) )
pats.append( Pattern(regex.compile("s+tar"), _testCB) )
# This pattern uses the default Pattern callback
pats.append( Pattern(regex.compile("[Bb]ye")))
# Output a prompt of sorts
exp.send("\nYou have 20 seconds. Type 'Bye' or 'bye' to exit sooner.\n")
# Call expect()...
try:
matcher = exp.expect(pats, 20)
print "\nGood Bye"
except ExpectTimeout:
print "\nTime has expired"
except ExpectEOF:
print "\nInput closed"
Why this isn't good enough:
- there is no way to wait for input from more than one process at a
time.
- no support for expect_after and expect_before
ExpectPy
--------
Homepage: http://expectpy.sourceforge.net/
Review based on version: 1.8.3
Release date: 2000-11-03
Author: Michael P. Reilly
Uses Don Libes' expect library: yes
Uses Tkinter: no
Sample usage:
spawn_id = ExpectPy.spawn('/bin/ed', 'ed', '/dev/null')
spawn_id.expect((ExpectPy.EXACT, "0\r\n", 0))
spawn_id.send('0a\rHello\r.\rw\r')
spawn_id.expect((ExpectPy.EXACT, '.\r\nw\r\n', 0))
rc = spawn_id.expect(
(ExpectPy.EXACT, '6\r\n', 1),
(ExpectPy.GLOB, '*\r\n', 2)
)
if rc == 1:
stdout.write('Test okay\n')
status = 1
elif rc == 2:
stdout.write('Test failed\n')
status = 0
Why this isn't good enough:
- there is no way to wait for input from more than one process at a
time.
- no support for expect_after and expect_before
- cumbersome syntax
- needs TCL
Pexpect
-------
Homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pexpect/
Review based on version: 0.99
Release date: 2003-09-17
Author: Noah Spurrier
Uses Don Libes' expect library: no
Uses Tkinter: no
Sample usage:
child = pexpect.spawn('ssh -l %s %s'%(user, host))
i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, SSH_NEWKEY, 'password: '])
if i == 0: # Timeout
print 'ERROR!'
print 'SSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:'
print child.before, child.after
sys.exit (1)
if i == 1: # SSH does not have the public key. Just accept it.
child.sendline ('yes')
child.expect ('password: ')
child.sendline(password)
Why this isn't good enough:
- there is no way to wait for input from more than one process at a
time.
- no support for expect_after and expect_before
However, this seems to have better pty support than any of the other
expect modules. It also have a screenscaping module that is probably
very useful if you want to write a program that interacts with a
curses-style program. If you only need to talk to one process at a
time, this seems to be a fairly mature and complete expect-like
module.
This is the only module that seems to be actively maintained.
telnetlib.py
------------
The telnetlib.py module supplied with Python contains an expect
method.
Sample usage:
tn = Telnet()
tn.open(host, port)
ix, match, txt = tn.expect(["login:"])
tn.write("ceder\n")
ix, match, txt = tn.expect(["password:", "ceder@.*>"])
if ix == 0:
tn.write("secret\n")
ix, match, txt = tn.expect(["ceder@.*>"])
Why this isn't good enough:
- only supports telnet
- there is no way to wait for input from more than one process at a
time.
- no support for expect_after and expect_before
- cumbersome syntax
Note: pcl_expect.telnet() uses telnetlib to implement telnet option
handling.
asynchat.py
-----------
The asynchat.py module supplied with Python contains "a class
supporting chat-style (command/response) protocols". Although this
has some similarities to what expect does, they really are two very
different things. asynchat.py can be used to build a system that
waits for input from serveral sources at once, and asyncore.py is
indeed a module that provides much of the necessary glue.
If you intend building "sophisticated high-performance network servers
and clients" you should probably use asyncore.py and asynchat.py. But
I think that there are many tasks where a more expect-like approach is
more appropriate.