rsa.c

/* rsa.c
 *
 * The RSA publickey algorithm.
 */

/* nettle, low-level cryptographics library
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2001 Niels Mller
 *  
 * The nettle library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your
 * option) any later version.
 * 
 * The nettle library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
 * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with the nettle library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not, write to
 * the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
 * MA 02111-1307, USA.
 */

#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#if HAVE_LIBGMP

#include "rsa.h"

#include "bignum.h"

/* FIXME: Perhaps we should split this into several functions, so that
 * one can link in the signature functions without also getting the
 * verify functions. */

int
rsa_init_public_key(struct rsa_public_key *key)
{
  unsigned size = (mpz_sizeinbase(key->n, 2) + 7) / 8;

  /* For PKCS#1 to make sense, the size of the modulo, in octets, must
   * be at least 11 + the length of the DER-encoded Digest Info.
   *
   * And a DigestInfo is 34 octets for md5, and 35 octets for sha1.
   * 46 octets is 368 bits. */
  
  if (size < 46)
    {
      /* Make sure the signing and verification functions doesn't
       * try to use this key. */
      key->size = 0;

      return 0;
    }
  else
    {
      key->size = size;
      return 1;
    }
}

int
rsa_init_private_key(struct rsa_private_key *key)
{
  return rsa_init_public_key(&key->pub);
}

#ifndef RSA_CRT
#define RSA_CRT 1
#endif

/* Internal function for computing an rsa root.
 *
 * NOTE: We don't really need n not e, so we could delete the public
 * key info from struct rsa_private_key. We do need the size,
 * though. */

void
rsa_compute_root(struct rsa_private_key *key, mpz_t x, mpz_t m)
{
#if RSA_CRT
  {
    mpz_t xp; /* modulo p */
    mpz_t xq; /* modulo q */

    mpz_init(xp); mpz_init(xq);    

    /* Compute xq = m^d % q = (m%q)^b % q */
    mpz_fdiv_r(xq, m, key->q);
    mpz_powm(xq, xq, key->b, key->q);

    /* Compute xp = m^d % p = (m%p)^a % p */
    mpz_fdiv_r(xp, m, key->p);
    mpz_powm(xp, xp, key->a, key->p);

    /* Set xp' = (xp - xq) c % p. */
    mpz_sub(xp, xp, xq);
    mpz_mul(xp, xp, key->c);
    mpz_fdiv_r(xp, xp, key->p);

    /* Finally, compute x = xq + q xp'
     *
     * To prove that this works, note that
     *
     *   xp  = x + i p,
     *   xq  = x + j q,
     *   c q = 1 + k p
     *
     * for some integers i, j and k. Now, for some integer l,
     *
     *   xp' = (xp - xq) c + l p
     *       = (x + i p - (x + j q)) c + l p
     *       = (i p - j q) c + l p
     *       = (i c + l) p - j (c q)
     *       = (i c + l) p - j (1 + kp)
     *       = (i c + l - j k) p - j
     *
     * which shows that xp' = -j (mod p). We get
     *
     *   xq + q xp' = x + j q + (i c + l - j k) p q - j q
     *              = x + (i c + l - j k) p q
     *
     * so that
     *
     *   xq + q xp' = x (mod pq)
     *
     * We also get 0 <= xq + q xp' < p q, because
     *
     *   0 <= xq < q and 0 <= xp' < p.
     */
    mpz_mul(x, key->q, xp);
    mpz_add(x, x, xq);

    mpz_clear(xp); mpz_clear(xq);
  }  
#else /* !RSA_CRT */
  mpz_powm(x, m, key->d, key->pub->n);
#endif /* !RSA_CRT */
}

#endif /* HAVE_LIBGMP */