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NEWS 48.66 KiB
NEWS for the Nettle 3.5 release
This release adds a couple of new features and optimizations,
and deletes or deprecates a few obsolete features. It is *not*
binary (ABI) compatible with earlier versions. Except for
deprecations listed below, it is intended to be fully
source-level (API) compatible with Nettle-3.4.1.
The shared library names are libnettle.so.7.0 and
libhogweed.so.5.0, with sonames libnettle.so.7 and
libhogweed.so.5.
Changes in behavior:
* Nettle's gcm_crypt will now call the underlying block cipher
to process more than one block at a time. This is not a
change to the documented behavior, but unfortunately breaks
assumptions accidentally made in GnuTLS, up to and including
version 3.6.1.
New features:
* Support for CFB8 (Cipher Feedback Mode, processing a single
octet per block cipher operation), contributed by Dmitry
Eremin-Solenikov.
* Support for CMAC (RFC 4493), contributed by Nikos
Mavrogiannopoulos.
* Support for XTS mode, contributed by Simo Sorce.
Optimizations:
* Improved performance of the x86_64 AES implementation using
the aesni instructions. Gives a large speedup for operations
processing multiple blocks at a time (including CTR mode,
GCM mode, and CBC decrypt, but *not* CBC encrypt).
* Improved performance for CTR mode, for the common case of
16-byte block size. Pass more data at a time to underlying
block cipher, and fill the counter blocks more efficiently.
Extension to also handle GCM mode efficiently contributed
by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos.
* New x86_64 implementation of sha1 and sha256, for processors
supporting the sha_ni instructions. Speedup of 3-5 times on
affected processors.
* Improved parameters for the precomputation of tables used
for ecc signatures. Roughly 10%-15% speedup of the ecdsa
sign operation using the secp_256r1, secp_384r1 and
secp_521r1 curves, and 25% speedup of ed25519 sign
operation, benchmarked on x86_64. Table sizes unchanged,
around 16 KB per curve.
* In ARM fat builds, automatically select Neon implementation
of Chacha, where possible. Contributed by Yuriy M.
Kaminskiy.
Deleted features:
* The header file des-compat.h and everything declared therein
has been deleted, as announced earlier. This file provided a
subset of the old libdes/ssleay/openssl interface for DES
and triple-DES. DES is still supported, via the functions
declared in des.h.
* Functions using the old struct aes_ctx have been marked as
deprecated. Use the fixed key size interface instead, e.g.,
struct aes256_ctx, introduced in Nettle-3.0.
* The header file nettle-stdint.h, and corresponding autoconf
tests, have been deleted. Nettle now requires that the
compiler/libc provides <stdint.h>.
Miscellaneous:
* Support for big-endian ARM systems, contributed by Michael
Weiser.
* The programs aesdata, desdata, twofishdata, shadata and
gcmdata are no longer built by default. Makefile
improvements contributed by Jay Foad.
* The "example" program examples/eratosthenes.c has been
deleted.
* The contents of hash context structs, and the deprecated
aes_ctx struct, have been reorganized, to enable later
optimizations.
The shared library names are libnettle.so.7.0 and
libhogweed.so.5.0.
NEWS for the Nettle 3.4.1 release
This release fixes a few bugs, and makes the RSA private key
operations side channel silent. The RSA improvements are
contributed by Simo Sorce and Red Hat, and include one new
public function, rsa_sec_decrypt, see below.
All functions using RSA private keys are now side-channel
silent, meaning that they try hard to avoid any branches or
memory accesses depending on secret data. This applies both to
the bignum calculations, which now use GMP's mpn_sec_* family
of functions, and the processing of PKCS#1 padding needed for
RSA decryption.
Nettle's ECC functions were already side-channel silent, while
the DSA functions still aren't. There's also one caveat
regarding the improved RSA functions: due to small table
lookups in relevant mpn_sec_* functions in GMP-6.1.2, the
lowest and highest few bits of the secret factors p and q may
still leak. I'm not aware of any attacks on RSA where knowing
a few bits of the factors makes a significant difference. This
leak will likely be plugged in later GMP versions.
Changes in behavior:
* The functions rsa_decrypt and rsa_decrypt_tr may now clobber
all of the provided message buffer, independent of the
actual message length. They are side-channel silent, in that
branches and memory accesses don't depend on the validity or
length of the message. Side-channel leakage from the
caller's use of length and return value may still provide an
oracle useable for a Bleichenbacher-style chosen ciphertext
attack. Which is why the new function rsa_sec_decrypt is
recommended.
New features:
* A new function rsa_sec_decrypt. It differs from
rsa_decrypt_tr in that the length of the decrypted message
is given a priori, and PKCS#1 padding indicating a different
length is treated as an error. For applications that may be
subject to chosen ciphertext attacks, it is recommended to
initialize the message area with random data, call this
function, and ignore the return value. This applies in
particular to RSA-based key exchange in the TLS protocol.
Bug fixes:
* Fix bug in pkcs1-conv, missing break statements in the
parsing of PEM input files.
* Fix link error on the pss-mgf1-test test, affecting builds
without public key support.
Performance regression:
* All RSA private key operations employing RSA blinding, i.e.,
rsa_decrypt_tr, rsa_*_sign_tr, the new rsa_sec_decrypt, and
rsa_compute_root_tr, are significantly slower. This is
because (i) RSA blinding now use side-channel silent
operations, (ii) blinding includes a modular inversion, and
(iii) side-channel silent modular inversion, implemented as
mpn_sec_invert, is very expensive. A 60% slowdown for
2048-bit RSA keys have been measured.
Miscellaneous:
* Building the public key support of nettle now requires GMP
version 6.0 or later (unless --enable-mini-gmp is used).
The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.5 and
libhogweed.so.4.5, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and
libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible
with nettle-3.1.
NEWS for the Nettle 3.4 release
This release fixes bugs and adds a few new features. It also
addresses an ABI compatibility issue affecting Nettle-3.1 and
later, see below.
Bug fixes:
* Fixed an improper use of GMP mpn_mul, breaking curve2559 and
eddsa on certain platforms. Reported by Sergei Trofimovich.
* Fixed memory leak when handling invalid signatures in
ecdsa_verify. Fix contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos.
* Fix compilation error with --enable-fat om ARM. Fix
contributed by Andreas Schneider.
* Reorganized the way certain data items are made available.
Short version: Nettle header files now define the symbols
nettle_hashes, nettle_ciphers, and nettle_aeads, as
preprocessor macros invoking a corresponding accessor
function. For backwards ABI compatibility, the symbols are
still present in the compiled libraries, and with the same
sizes as in nettle-3.3.
New features:
* Support for RSA-PSS signatures, contributed by Daiki Ueno.
* Support for the HKDF key derivation function, defined by RFC
5869. Contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos.
* Support for the Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB), contributed by
Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov.
* New accessor functions: nettle_get_hashes,
nettle_get_ciphers, nettle_get_aeads, nettle_get_secp_192r1,
nettle_get_secp_224r1, nettle_get_secp_256r1,
nettle_get_secp_384r1, nettle_get_secp_521r1.
For source-level compatibility with future versions,
applications are encouraged to migrate to using these
functions instead of referring to the corresponding data
items directly.
Miscellaneous:
* The base16 and base64 functions now use the type char * for
ascii data, rather than uint8_t *. This eliminates the last
pointer-signedness warnings when building Nettle. This is a
minor API change, and applications may need to be adjusted,
but the ABI is unaffected on all platforms I'm aware of.
* The contents of the header file nettle/version.h is now
architecture independent, except in --enable-mini-gmp
configurations.
ABI issue:
Since the breakage was a bit subtle, let me document it
here. The nettle and hogweed libraries export a couple of
data symbols, and for some of these, the size was never
intended to be part of the ABI. E.g.,
extern const struct nettle_hash * const nettle_hashes[];
which is an NULL-terminated array.
It turns out the sizes nevertheless may leak into the ABI, and
that increasing the sizes can break old executables linked
with a newer version of the library.
When linking a classic non-PIE executable with a shared
library, we get ELF relocations of type R_X86_64_COPY for
references to data items. These mean that the linker allocates
space for the data item in the data segment of executable, at
a fixed address determined at link-time, and with size
extracted from the version of the .so-file seen when linking.
At load time, the run time linker then copies the contents of
the symbol from the .so file to that location, and uses the
copy instead of the version loaded with the .so-file. And if
the data item in the .so file used at load time is larger than
the data item seen at link time, it is silently truncated in
the process.
So when SHA3 hashes were was added to the nettle_hashes array
in the nettle-3.3 release, this way of linking produces a
truncated array at load time, no longer NULL-terminated.
We will get similar problems for planned extensions of the
internal struct ecc_curve, and exported data items like
extern const struct ecc_curve nettle_secp_256r1;
where the ecc_curve struct is only forward declared in the
public headers. To prepare, applications should migrate to
using the new function nettle_get_secp_256r1, and similarly
for the other curves.
In some future version, the plan is to add a leading
underscore to the name of the actual data items. E.g.,
nettle_hashes --> _nettle_hashes, breaking the ABI, while
keeping the nettle_get_hashes function and the nettle_hashes
macro as the supported ways to access it. We will also
rename nettle_secp_256r1 --> _nettle_secp_256r1, breaking
both ABI and API.
Note that data items like nettle_sha256 are *not* affected,
since the size and layout of this struct is considered part of the ABI, and R_X86_64_COPY-relocations then work fine.
The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.4 and
libhogweed.so.4.4, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and
libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible
with nettle-3.1.
NEWS for the Nettle 3.3 release
This release fixes a couple of bugs, and improves resistance
to side-channel attacks on RSA and DSA private key operations.
Changes in behavior:
* Invalid private RSA keys, with an even modulo, are now
rejected by rsa_private_key_prepare. (Earlier versions
allowed such keys, even if results of using them were bogus).
Nettle applications are required to call
rsa_private_key_prepare and check the return value, before
using any other RSA private key functions; failing to do so
may result in crashes for invalid private keys. As a
workaround for versions of Gnutls which don't use
rsa_private_key_prepare, additional checks for even moduli
are added to the rsa_*_tr functions which are used by all
recent versions of Gnutls.
* Ignore bit 255 of the x coordinate of the input point to
curve25519_mul, as required by RFC 7748. To differentiate at
compile time, curve25519.h defines the constant
NETTLE_CURVE25519_RFC7748.
Security:
* RSA and DSA now use side-channel silent modular
exponentiation, to defend against attacks on the private key
from evil processes sharing the same processor cache. This
attack scenario is of particular relevance when running an
HTTPS server on a virtual machine, where you don't know who
you share the cache hardware with.
(Private key operations on elliptic curves were already
side-channel silent).
Bug fixes:
* Fix sexp-conv crashes on invalid input. Reported by Hanno
Böck.
* Fix out-of-bounds read in des_weak_p. Fixed by Nikos
Mavrogiannopoulos.
* Fix a couple of formally undefined shift operations,
reported by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos.
* Fix compilation with c89. Reported by Henrik Grubbström.
New features:
* New function memeql_sec, for side-channel silent comparison
of two memory areas.
Miscellaneous:
* Building the public key support of nettle now requires GMP
version 5.0 or later (unless --enable-mini-gmp is used).
* Filenames of windows DLL libraries now include major number
only. So the dll names change at the same time as the
corresponding soname on ELF platforms. Fixed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos.
* Eliminate most pointer-signedness warnings. In the process,
the strings representing expression type for sexp_interator
functions were changed from const uint8_t * to const char *.
These functions are undocumented, and it doesn't change the
ABI on any platform I'm aware of.
The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.3 and
libhogweed.so.4.3, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and
libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible
with nettle-3.1.
NEWS for the Nettle 3.2 release
Bug fixes:
* The SHA3 implementation is updated according to the FIPS 202
standard. It is not interoperable with earlier versions of
Nettle. Thanks to Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. To easily
differentiate at compile time, sha3.h defines the constant
NETTLE_SHA3_FIPS202.
* Fix corner-case carry propagation bugs affecting elliptic
curve operations on the curves secp_256r1 and secp_384r1 on
certain platforms, including x86_64. Reported by Hanno Böck.
New features:
* New functions for RSA private key operations, identified by
the "_tr" suffix, with better resistance to side channel
attacks and to hardware or software failures which could
break the CRT optimization. See the Nettle manual for
details. Initial patch by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos.
* New functions nettle_version_major, nettle_version_minor, as
a run-time variant of the compile-time constants
NETTLE_VERSION_MAJOR and NETTLE_VERSION_MINOR.
Optimizations:
* New ARM Neon implementation of the chacha stream cipher.
Miscellaneous:
* ABI detection on mips, with improved default libdir
location. Contributed by Klaus Ziegler.
* Fixes for ARM assembly syntax, to work better with the clang
assembler. Thanks to Jukka Ukkonen.
* Disabled use of ifunc relocations for fat builds, to fix
problems most easily triggered by using dlopen RTLD_NOW.
The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.2 and
libhogweed.so.4.2, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and
libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible
with nettle-3.1.
NEWS for the Nettle 3.1.1 release
This release fixes a couple of non-critical bugs.
Bug fixes:
* By accident, nettle-3.1 disabled the assembly code for the
secp_224r1 and secp_521r1 elliptic curves on all x86_64
configurations, making signature operations on those curves
10%-30% slower. This code is now re-enabled.
* The x86_64 assembly implementation of gcm hashing has been
fixed to work with the Sun/Oracle assembler.
The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.1 and
libhogweed.so.4.1, with sonames still libnettle.so.6 and
libhogweed.so.4. It is intended to be fully binary compatible
with nettle-3.1.
NEWS for the Nettle 3.1 release
This release adds a couple of new features.
The library is mostly source-level compatible with nettle-3.0.
It is however not binary compatible, due to the introduction
of versioned symbols, and extensions to the base64 context
structs. The shared library names are libnettle.so.6.0 and
libhogweed.so.4.0, with sonames libnettle.so.6 and
libhogweed.so.4.
Bug fixes:
* Fixed a missing include of <limits.h>, which made the
camellia implementation fail on all 64-bit non-x86
platforms.
* Eliminate out-of-bounds reads in the C implementation of
memxor (related to valgrind's --partial-loads-ok flag).
Interface changes:
* Declarations of many internal functions are moved from ecc.h
to ecc-internal.h. The functions are undocumented, and
luckily they're apparently also unused by applications, so I
don't expect any problems from this change.
New features:
* Support for curve25519 and for EdDSA25519 signatures.
* Support for "fat builds" on x86_64 and arm, where the
implementation of certain functions is selected at run-time
depending on available cpu features. Configure with
--enable-fat to try this out. If it turns out to work well
enough, it will likely be enabled by default in later
releases.
* Support for building the hogweed library (public key
support) using "mini-gmp", a small but slower implementation
of a subset of the GMP interfaces. Note that builds using
mini-gmp are *not* binary compatible with regular builds,
and more likely to leak side-channel information.
One intended use-case is for small embedded applications
which need to verify digital signatures.
* The shared libraries are now built with versioned symbols.
Should reduce problems in case a program links explicitly to
nettle and/or hogweed, and to gnutls, and the program and
gnutls expect different versions.
* Support for "URL-safe" base64 encoding and decoding, as
specified in RFC 4648. Contributed by Amos Jeffries.
Optimizations:
* New x86_64 implementation of AES, using the "aesni"
instructions. Autodetected in fat builds. In non-fat builds,
it has to be enabled explicitly with --enable-x86-aesni.
Build system:
* Use the same object files for both static and shared
libraries. This eliminates the *.po object files which were
confusing to some tools (as well as humans). Like before,
PIC code is used by default; to build a non-pic static
library, configure with --disable-pic --disable-shared.
Miscellaneous:
* Made type-checking hack in CBC_ENCRYPT and similar macros
stricter, to generate warnings if they are used with
functions which have a length argument smaller than size_t.
NEWS for the Nettle 3.0 release
This is a major release, including several interface changes,
and new features, some of which are a bit experimental.
Feedback is highly appreciated.
It is *not* binary (ABI) compatible with earlier versions. It
is mostly source-level (API) compatible, with a couple of
incompatibilities noted below. The shared library names are
libnettle.so.5.0 and libhogweed.so.3.0, with sonames
libnettle.so.5 and libhogweed.so.3.
There may be some problems in the new interfaces and new
features which really need incompatible fixes. It is likely
that there will be an update in the form of a 3.1 release in
the not too distant future, with small but incompatible
changes, and if that happens, bugfix-only releases 3.0.x are
unlikely. Users and applications which desire better API and
ABI stability are advised to stay with nettle-2.7.x (latest
version is now 2.7.1) until the dust settles.
Interface changes:
* For the many _set_key functions, it is now consider the
normal case to have a fixed key size, with no key_size
arguments. _set_key functions with a length parameter are
provided only for algorithms with a truly variable keysize,
and where it makes sense for backwards compatibility.
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: cast128_set_key no longer accepts a key
size argument. The old function is available under a new
name, cast5_set_key.
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The function typedef
nettle_set_key_func no longer accepts a key size argument.
In particular, this affects users of struct nettle_cipher.
* The nettle_cipher abstraction (in nettle-meta.h) is
restricted to block ciphers only. The encrypt and decrypt
functions now take a const argument for the context.
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: nettle_arcfour, i.e., the nettle_cipher
abstraction for the arcfour stream cipher, is deleted.
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: New type, nettle_cipher_func, for the
encrypt and decrypt fields of struct nettle_cipher.
* New DSA interface, with a separate struct dsa_param to
represent the underlying group, and generalized dsa_sign and
dsa_verify functions which don't care about the hash
function used. Limited backwards compatibility provided in
dsa-compat.h.
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: Declarations of the old interface,
e.g., struct dsa_public_key, dsa_sha1_sign, etc, is moved to
dsa-compat.h.
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: The various key conversion functions,
e.g., dsa_keypair_to_sexp, all use the new DSA interface, with
no backwards compatible functions.
INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: dsa_generate_keypair also uses the new
interface. dsa-compat.h declares a function
dsa_compat_generate_keypair, implementing the old
interface, and #defines dsa_generate_keypair to refer to
this backwards compatible function.
* New AES and Camellia interfaces. There are now separate
context structs for each key size, e.g., aes128_ctx and
camellia256_ctx, and corresponding new functions. The old
interface, with struct aes_ctx and struct camellia_ctx, is
kept for backwards compatibility, but might be removed in
later versions.
* The type of most length arguments is changed from unsigned
to size_t. The memxor functions have their pointer arguments
changed from uint8_t * to void *, for consistency with
related libc functions.
* For hash functions, the constants *_DATA_SIZE have been
renamed to *_BLOCK_SIZE. Old names kept for backwards
compatibility.
Removed features:
* The nettle_next_prime function has been deleted.
Applications should use GMP's mpz_nextprime instead.
* Deleted the RSAREF compatibility, including the header file
rsa-compat.h and everything declared therein.
* Also under consideration for removal is des-compat.h and
everything declared therein. This implements a subset of the
old libdes/ssleay/openssl interface for DES and triple-DES,
and it is poorly tested. If anyone uses this interface,
please speak up! Otherwise, it will likely be removed in the
next release.
Bug fixes:
* Building with ./configure --disable-static now works.
* Use GMP's allocation functions for temporary storage related
to bignums, to avoid potentially large stack allocations.
* Fixes for shared libraries on M$ Windows.
New features:
* Support for Poly1305-AES MAC.
* Support for the ChaCha stream cipher and EXPERIMENTAL
support for the ChaCha-Poly1305 AEAD mode. Specifications
are still in flux, and future releases may do incompatible
changes to track standardization. Currently uses 256-bit key
and 64-bit nonce.
* Support for EAX mode.
* Support for CCM mode. Contributed by Owen Kirby.
* Additional variants of SHA512 with output size of 224 and
256 bits. Contributed by Joachim Strömbergson.
* New interface, struct nettle_aead, for mechanisms providing
authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD).
* DSA: Support a wider range for the size of q and a wider
range for the digest size.
Optimizations:
* New x86_64 assembly for GCM and MD5. Modest speedups on the
order of 10%-20%.
Miscellaneous:
* SHA3 is now documented as EXPERIMENTAL. Nettle currently
implements SHA3 as specified at the time Keccak won the SHA3
competition. However, the final standard specified by NIST
is likely to be incompatible, in which case future releases
may do incompatible changes to track standardization.
* The portability fix for the rotation macros, mentioned in
NEWS for 2.7.1, actually didn't make it into that release.
It is included now.
* cast128_set_key rewritten for clarity, also eliminating a
couple of compiler warnings.
* New command line tool nettle-pbkdf2.
NEWS for the 2.7.1 release
This is a bugfix release.
Bug fixes:
* Fixed a bug in the new ECC code. The ecc_j_to_a function
called GMP:s mpn_mul_n (via ecc_modp_mul) with overlapping
input and output arguments, which is not supported.
* The assembly files for SHA1, SHA256 and AES depend on ARMv6
instructions, breaking nettle-2.7 for pre-v6 ARM processors.
The configure script now enables those assembly files only
when building for ARMv6 or later.
* Use a more portable C expression for rotations. The
previous version used the following "standard" expression
for 32-bit rotation:
(x << n) | (x >> (32 - n))
But this gives undefined behavior (according to the C
specification) for n = 0. The rotate expression is replaced
by the more portable:
(x << n) | (x >> ((-n)&31))
This change affects only CAST128, which uses non-constant
rotation counts. Unfortunately, the new expression is poorly
optimized by released versions of gcc, making CAST128 a bit
slower. This is being fixed by the gcc hackers, see
http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57157.
The following problems have been reported, but are *not* fixed
in this release:
* ARM assembly files use instruction syntax which is not
supported by all assemblers. Workaround: Use a current
version of GNU as, or configure with --disable-assembler.
* Configuring with --disable-static doesn't work on windows.
The libraries are intended to be binary compatible with
nettle-2.2 and later. The shared library names are
libnettle.so.4.7 and libhogweed.so.2.5, with sonames still libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2.
NEWS for the 2.7 release
This release includes an implementation of elliptic curve
cryptography (ECC) and optimizations for the ARM architecture.
This work was done at the offices of South Pole AB, and
generously funded by the .SE Internet Fund.
Bug fixes:
* Fixed a bug in the buffer handling for incremental SHA3
hashing, with a possible buffer overflow. Patch by Edgar
E. Iglesias.
New features:
* Support for ECDSA signatures. Elliptic curve operations over
the following curves: secp192r1, secp224r1, secp256r1,
secp384r1 and secp521r1, including x86_64 and ARM assembly
for the most important primitives.
* Support for UMAC, including x86_64 and ARM assembly.
* Support for 12-round salsa20, "salsa20r12", as specified by
eSTREAM. Contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos.
Optimizations:
* ARM assembly code for several additional algorithms,
including AES, Salsa20, and the SHA family of hash
functions.
* x86_64 assembly for SHA256, SHA512, and SHA3. (SHA3 assembly
was included in the 2.6 release, but disabled due to poor
performance on some AMD processors. Hopefully, that
performance problem is fixed now).
The ARM code was tested and benchmarked on Cortex-A9. Some of
the functions use "neon" instructions. The configure script
decides if neon instructions can be used, and the command line
options --enable-arm-neon and --disable-arm-neon can be used
to override its choice. Feedback appreciated.
The libraries are intended to be binary compatible with
nettle-2.2 and later. The shared library names are
libnettle.so.4.6 and libhogweed.so.2.4, with sonames still
libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2.
NEWS for the 2.6 release
Bug fixes:
* Fixed a bug in ctr_crypt. For zero length (which should be a
NOP), it sometimes incremented the counter. Reported by Tim
Kosse.
* Fixed a small memory leak in nettle_realloc and
nettle_xrealloc.
New features:
* Support for PKCS #5 PBKDF2, to generate a key from a
password or passphrase. Contributed by Simon Josefsson.
Specification in RFC 2898 and test vectors in RFC 6070.
* Support for SHA3.
* Support for the GOST R 34.11-94 hash algorithm. Ported from
librhash by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos. Written by Aleksey Kravchenko. More information in RFC4357. Test vectors taken
from the GOST hash wikipedia page.
Miscellaneous:
* The include file <nettle/sha.h> has been split into
<nettle/sha1.h> and <nettle/sha2.h>. For now, sha.h is kept
for backwards compatibility and it simply includes both
files, but applications are encouraged to use the new names.
The new SHA3 functions are declared in <nettle/sha3.h>.
* Testsuite can be run under valgrind, using
make check EMULATOR='$(VALGRIND)'
For this to work, test programs and other executables now
deallocate storage.
* New configure options --disable-documentation and
--disable-static. Contributed by Sam Thursfield and Alon
Bar-Lev, respectively.
* The section on hash functions in the manual is split into
separate nodes for recommended hash functions and legacy
hash functions.
* Various smaller improvements, most of them portability
fixes. Credits go to David Woodhouse, Tim Rühsen, Martin
Storsjö, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Fredrik Thulin and Dennis
Clarke.
Finally, a note on the naming of the various "SHA" hash
functions. Naming is a bit inconsistent; we have, e.g.,
SHA1: sha1_digest
SHA2: sha256_digest (not sha2_256_digest)
SHA3: sha3_256_digest
Renaming the SHA2 functions to make Nettle's naming more
consistent has been considered, but the current naming follows
common usage. Most documents (including the specification for
SHA2) refer to 256-bit SHA2 as "SHA-256" or "SHA256" rather
than "SHA2-256".
The libraries are intended to be binary compatible with
nettle-2.2 and later. The shared library names are
libnettle.so.4.5 and libhogweed.so.2.3, with sonames still
libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2
NEWS for the 2.5 release
This release includes important portability fixes for Windows
and MacOS. There are also a few new features.
First a *warning*: Some internal functions have been removed
from the library. Since the functions in question are internal
and not documented, this is not considered a change of ABI or
API. Programs explicitly using any of these functions will
break.
* The function pkcs1_signature_prefix has been renamed to
_pkcs1_signature_prefix, and with slightly different
behavior.
* The file nettle-internal.c is no longer included in the
library (the features defined there are used by the
benchmark and test programs, and were never intended for
public use).
New features:
* Support for the salsa20 stream cipher, including x86_64
assembler. Originally contributed by Simon Josefsson, based
on the reference implementation, then further optimized.
* Tentative interface for timing-resistant RSA functions,
contributed by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos.
* A more general interface for PKCS#1 signatures, taking the
input in the form of a "DigestInfo". Suggested by Nikos
Mavrogiannopoulos.
Configuration:
* Building of shared libraries (./configure --enable-shared)
is now enabled by default.
* Various portability fixes for MacOS and M$ Windows. A lot of
this work done by Martin Storsjö.
* In particular, Nettle now hopefully works on 64-bit Windows
builds, "W64", including the x86_64 assembly code.
Miscellaneous:
* Documentation and example programs for the base16 and base64
functions. Was contributed by Jeronimo Pellegrini back in
2006, but unfortunately forgotten until now.
* Use an additional table to avoid GF2^8 multiplications in
aes_invert_key (mainly used by aes_set_decrypt_key). Also
tabulate round constants in aes_set_encrypt_key.
* The nettle repository has been migrated from cvs to git,
with a public repository at
http://git.lysator.liu.se/nettle. To make it independent of
the LSH repository, a few files have been moved around.
While at it, files have also been converted from latin-1 to
utf-8.
The libraries are intended to be binary compatible with
nettle-2.2 and later. The shared library names are
libnettle.so.4.4 and libhogweed.so.2.2, with sonames still
libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2
NEWS for the 2.4 release
This is a bugfix release only. It turned out ripemd160 in the
2.3 release was broken on all big-endian systems, due to a
missing include of config.h. nettle-2.4 fixes this.
The library is intended to be binary compatible with
nettle-2.2 and nettle-2.3. The shared library names are
libnettle.so.4.3 and libhogweed.so.2.1, with sonames still
libnettle.so.4 and libhogweed.so.2.
NEWS for the 2.3 release
* Support for the ripemd-160 hash function.
* Generates and installs nettle.pc and hogweed.pc files, for
use with pkg-config. Feedback appreciated. For projects
using autoconf, the traditional non-pkg-config ways of
detecting libraries, and setting LIBS and LDFLAGS, is still
recommended.
* Fixed a bug which made the testsuite fail in the GCM test on
certain platforms. Should not affect any documented features
of the library.
* Reorganization of the code for the various Merkle-Damgård
hash functions. Some fields in the context structs for md4,
md5 and sha1 have been renamed, for consistency.
Applications should not peek inside these structs, and the
ABI is unchanged.
* In the manual, fixed mis-placed const in certain function
prototypes.
The library is intended to be binary compatible with
nettle-2.2. The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.2 and
libhogweed.so.2.1, with sonames still libnettle.so.4 and
libhogweed.so.2.
NEWS for the 2.2 release
Licensing change:
* Relicensed as LGPL v2.1 or later (user's option).
* Replaced blowfish and serpent implementation. New code is
based on the LGPLed code in libgcrypt.
New features:
* Support for Galois/Counter Mode (GCM).
* New interface for enumerating (most) available algorithms,
contributed by Daniel Kahn Gillmor.
* New tool nettle-hash. Can generate hash digests using any
supported hash function, with output compatible with md5sum
and friends from GNU coreutils. Checking (like md5sum -c)
not yet implemented.
Bug fixes:
* The old serpent code had a byte order bug (introduced by
yours truly about ten years ago). New serpent implementation
does not interoperate with earlier versions of nettle.
* Fixed ABI-dependent libdir default for Linux-based systems
which do not follow the Linux File Hierarchy Standard, e.g.,
Debian GNU/Linux.
Optimizations:
* x86_64 implemention of serpent.
* x86_64 implemention of camellia.
* Optimized memxor using word rather than byte operations.
Both generic C and x86_64 assembler.
* Eliminated a memcpy for in-place CBC decrypt.
Miscellaneous:
* In command line tools, no longer support -? for requesting
help, since using it without shell quoting is a dangerous
habit. Use long option --help instead.
The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.1 and
libhogweed.so.2.1, with sonames libnettle.so.4 and
libhogweed.so.2.
NEWS for the 2.1 release
*Important*: this release breaks source and binary
compatibility for the digital signature functions, and for the DES and BLOWFISH ciphers which have weak keys.
Incompatible changes:
* The functions rsa_md5_sign, rsa_sha1_sign and
rsa_sha256_sign, and the corresponding _digest variants, now
have a return value which callers should check. The functions
return failure if the key is too small for the type of
signature.
* The functions dsa_sign and dsa_verify are renamed to
dsa_sha1_sign and dsa_sha1_verify. The _-digest variants are
renamed similarly. These functions now have a return value
which callers should check, and they return failure if the
number q is not of the appropriate size.
* The return value from des_set_key, des3_set_key and
blowfish_set_key now indicates whether or not the given key
is weak. But in either case, the key setup is done, and
applications that don't care about weak keys can ignore the
return value.
The incompatible part of this change is that enum des_error
and enum blowfish_error has been deleted, and so has the
status attribute in struct des_ctx, struct des3_ctx, and
struct blowfish_ctx.
The shared library names are libnettle.so.4.0 and
libhogweed.so.2.0, with sonames libnettle.so.4 and
libhogweed.so.2.
Other changes:
* Support for the Camellia block cipher, including an
assembler implementation for x86_32.
* New function aes_invert_key, useful for applications that
need both encryption and decryption using the same AES key.
* des_set_key and des3_set_key no longer check the key parity
bits. Parity bits are silently ignored. A new function
des_check_parity is provided, for applications that care
about the DES parity bits.
* Support for sha224, sha384 and sha512.
* Support for digital signatures using rsa-sha512 and
dsa-sha256. Due to lack of official test vectors and interop
testing, this support should be considered somewhat
experimental.
* Key generation for RSA and DSA changed to use Maurer's
algorithm to generate provably prime numbers (as usual, the
mathematical proof does not guaranteee that the
implementation is bug free).
* x86_64 assembler implementation actually included in the
distribution (was accidentally left out in nettle-2.0).
* Configure script now detects if the compiler uses a 32-bit
or 64-bit ABI on x86_64 (prevously did this for sparc only).
Also sets the default location for installing libraries
(libdir) depending on system type and the ABI used.
* Added the nettle and gmp libraries as dependencies when
linking shared library libhogweed.so. On systems using
shared libraries where such dependencies work (in
particular, ELF systems), it is sufficient to link
applications with -lhogweed. For static linking -lhogweed
-lnettle -lgmp is still required.
* The program pkcs1-conv is extended to also handle dsa keys.
Contributed by Magnus Holmgren.
* Slightly improved sha1 performance on x86.
NEWS for the 2.0 release
This release breaks binary compatibility by splitting the
library into two. Some other smaller changes that are not
backwards compatible are also done at the same time.
* The nettle library is split into two libraries, libnettle
and libhogweed. libnettle contains the symmetric crypto
algorithms that don't depend on GMP, while libhogweed
contains the public key algorithms that depend on GMP.
Using a single library worked fine with static linking, but
not with dynamic linking. Consider an application that uses
nettle and which doesn't use any public key cryptography. If
this application is linked dynamically to nettle, it would
have to be linked also with GMP if and only if public key
support was enabled when the nettle library was installed.
The library names are libnettle.so.3.0 and
libhogweed.so.1.0, with sonames libnettle.so.3 and
libhogweed.so.1.
* Function typedefs have been changed to non-pointer types.
E.g, the
typedef void (nettle_hash_init_func *)(void *ctx);
of previous versions is replaced by
typedef void (nettle_hash_init_func)(void *ctx);
This makes it possible to use the type when declaring
functions, like
nettle_hash_init_func foo_hash_init;
void foo_hash_init(void *ctx) { ... }
* Changes to the yarrow256 interface. The automatic seed file
generation, and the seed_file member in struct
yarrow256_ctx, has been removed. To generate a new seed
file, use yarrow256_random. The function
yarrow256_force_reseed has been replaced by the two
functions yarrow256_fast_reseed and yarrow256_slow_reseed,
which were previously static. This interface change makes it
easier to mix in the current content of the seed file before
overwriting it with newly generated data.
Other changes:
* Nettle manual now contributed to the public domain, to
enable remixing into documentation of programs that use
Nettle.
* The sexp-conv program preserves comments when using the
advanced syntax for output. Optionally locks the output
file.
* The base64 decoder recognizes ASCII FF (form feed) and VT
(vertical tab) as white space.
* New x86_64 implementations of AES and SHA1. On a 2.2 GHz
opteron, SHA1 was benchmarked at 250 MByte/s, and AES-128 at
110 MByte/s.
* Performance of AES increased by 20-30% on x86.
* New programs in the examples directory: erathostenes and
next-prime.
NEWS for the 1.15 release
Added support for PKCS#1 style RSA signatures using SHA256,
according to RFC 3447. Currently lacks interoperability
testing.
Header files are now C++ aware, so C++ programs using Nettle
should now use plain
#include <nettle/foo.h>
rather than
#extern "C" {
#include <nettle/foo.h>
}
as was the recommendation for the previous version. This
breaks source-level compatibility with C++, even though
there's full binary compatibility.
The file rfc1750.txt (which is considered non-free by debian)
has been removed from the distribution. The file was used as input
for the Yarrow testcase, and has been replaced by the short
story "The Gold-bug" by Edgar Allan Poe. Anyway, RFC 1750 is
obsoleted by RFC 4086.
Fixes for Darwin shared library support, contributed by Grant
Robinsson.
Example programs now use a supplied getopt.c.
Configure tests for assemblers with a logarithmic .align
directive.
The library is intended to be upwards binary compatible with
earlier versions. The library name is libnettle.so.2.6, soname
is still libnettle.so.2.
NEWS for the 1.14 release
Experimental support for reading keys in PKCS#1 ASN1/DER
format, and a new command line tool pkcs1-conv.
Improved MD5 performance on x86.
Fixed support for sparc64.
Reorganized AES code. Better performance for all three
implementations (C, x86 assembler, sparc assembler).
New sparc assembler for arcfour. Compared to the code
generated by gcc, the new code is about 25% faster on old
sparcs, and 6 times faster on ultrasparc.
Replaced the internal function nettle_mpz_from_octets with a
call to mpz_import, if available in the installed GMP library.
More Makefile fixes; it now seems to work to build with
the the make programs on Solaris and FreeBSD (although
--disable-dependency-tracking is required for the latter).
The library is intended to be binary compatible with earlier
versions. The library name is libnettle.so.2.5, soname is
still libnettle.so.2.
NEWS for the 1.13 release
Fixed problem with broken m4 on bsd, which resulted in
corrupted x86 assembler for sha1.
Nettle probably works on windows: I've been able to cross
compile it with ./configure --host=i586-mingw32msvc (without
public-key support), and the testsuite binaries seem to run
fine in Wine.
Implemented CTR mode.
Improved sha1 performance on x86.
Configure check to figure out if symbols in assembler files
need a leading underscore.
Improved benchmark program. Displays cycles per byte and block,
and compares with openssl (if openssl is installed).
Terminating newline in output from sexp-conv --hash.
The library is intended to be binary compatible with earlier
versions. The library name is libnettle.so.2.4. However, the
interface for the internal function _nettle_sha1_compress has
changed; any program that calls this function directly will
break.
NEWS for the 1.12 release
Fixed a bug in the configure script.
Updated the description of aes_set_encrypt_key and
aes_set_decrypt_key in the manual.
NEWS for the 1.11 release
Nettle no longer uses automake. Side effects:
* Dependency tracking is enabled only for gcc-3 (help with
supporting dependency tracking with other compilers is
appreciated).
* Makefile compatibility with make programs other than GNU
make is mostly unknown, please report any problems.
Support for arctwo.
Fixes to the libdes compatibility code. Declarations should
now match openssl/libdes better. des_cbc_cksum pads
input with NUL's, if it's not an integral number of blocks (in
general, such unreversible padding is a bad idea).
By default, also the static library is compiled as position
independent code. This is needed on some systems to make it
possible to link nettle into a dynamically loaded module. Use
the configure flag --disable-pic if this is not desired.
Stricter constness typing for the sexp_iterator_assoc and
sexp_iterator_check_types arguments.
Minor tweaks of arcfour on x86 cpu:s, to speed it up on older
x86 variants such as PII and PPro.
The shared library is intended to be binary compatible with
nettle-1.8 - nettle-1.10. Only the minor version number of the
shared library is increased. The soname is still
libnettle.so.2.
NEWS for the 1.10 release
Nettle should now compile also on Tru64, Darwin, FreeBSD and
Windows. (The only tested windows build uses the rntcl rsh
wrapper to run the command line M$ C compiler "cl". See
http://pike.ida.liu.se for those tools, I don't know all
details about the Pike team's windows setup).
There are some known testsuite failures, on Windows and on one
of the xenofarm HPUX machines, see
http://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/xeno-lsh/latest.html. Help
tracking these down is appreciated.
There are no new features.
This release is intended to be binary compatible with
nettle-1.8 and nettle-1.9.
NEWS for the 1.9 release
Optimized C implementation of arcfour. Optimized x86
implementations of arcfour and sha1.
Improved benchmark program.
Fixed bug in the rsa-encrypt example program.
Fixed bug in make install, some of the header files were
forgotten.
Portability fixes. Fixes to make Nettle compile on systems
without gmp. This version has been tested on GNU/Linux,
Solaris, HPUX and AIX.
The shared library is intended to be binary compatible with
nettle-1.8. Only the minor version number of the shared
library is increased.
NEWS for the 1.8 release
New example programs, demonstrating encrypting and decrypting
files using RSA, and random sessions keys for bulk encryption
and message authentication.
Support for systems that don't have alloca. On such systems,
some of Nettle's functions have arbitrary limits applied to
their input.
Uses AX_CREATE_STDINT_H, to support systems without
inttypes.h.
Support for the md2 and md4 hash functions.
New name mangling, to reduce the risk of link collisions. All
functions (except memxor) now use a nettle_ or _nettle_ prefix
when seen by the linker. For most functions, the header file
that declares a function also uses #define to provide a
shorter more readable name without the prefix.
The shared library soname for this version is libnettle.so.2.
NEWS for the 1.7 release
Implemented DSA.
Renamed RSA functions for consistency. Now it's
rsa_public_key_init, not rsa_init_public_key, etc.
Both RSA and DSA now have sign/verify functions that take the
hash digest as argument.
A rewritten and much more powerful sexp-conv program.
Other changes to the sexp code, in particular updating it to
the latest SPKI draft.
Building nettle as a shared library (ELF only) seems to work.
The version number is increased, so the library "soname" for
this release is "libnettle.so.1".
Bugfixes. Fixes for build and portability problems.
NEWS for the 1.6 release
Optimized assembler implementations of aes, for sparc and x86.
The aes interface has changed slightly. The function
aes_set_key is no more. Instead one has to use
aes_set_encrypt_key or aes_set_decrypt_key. Sorry about that.
New example programs, rsa-keygen, rsa-sign and rsa-verify,
located in the examples directory.
New configure option --enable-shared, which builds a shared
library. Not tested.
New experimental features, including sexp parsing and
formatting, and changes to base64 encoding and decoding. The
interfaces to these functions are subject to change, and are
documented only in the source code.
NEWS for the 1.5 release
RSA support. Key generation and signatures.
Support for HMAC (RFC-2104).
An implementation of the Yarrow-256 PRNG.
New sections in the manual.
Changed the interface for hash functions. The md5_digest
function is now equivalent to the old sequence of md5_final,
md5_digest, md5_init, and similarly for the other hashing
algorithms. This makes the interface simpler.
NEWS for the 1.0 release
Fixed twofish bug spotted by Jean-Pierre Stierlin.
Added des3 and cbc.
New RFC-1321-like interface in nettle/md5-compat.h, suggested
by Assar Westerlund.
New libdes-style compatibility interface in nettle/des-compat.h.